Agricultural Resources
$135.00
ISBN 13 :979-8-89143-000-6
YEAR: 2024
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Introduction To Agroecology: Principles And Practices
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Agroecology is defined by the OECD as "the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment." Dalgaard et al. refer to agroecology as the study of the interactions between plants, animals, humans, and the environment within agricultural systems. Francis et al. also use the definition in the same way but thought it should be restricted to growing food.
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Agroecology is defined by the OECD as "the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment." Dalgaard et al. refer to agroecology as the study of the interactions between plants, animals, humans, and the environment within agricultural systems. Francis et al. also use the definition in the same way but thought it should be restricted to growing food.
Agricultural Technology
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A major turning point for agricultural technology is the Industrial Revolution, which introduced agricultural machinery to mechanize the labor of agriculture, greatly increasing farm worker productivity. In modern mechanized agriculture powered machinery has replaced many farm jobs formerly carried out by manual labor or by working animals such as oxen, horses, and mules. Advances in the 19th century included the development of modern weather forecasting and the invention of barbed wire. Improvements to portable engines and threshing machines led to their widespread adoption.
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A major turning point for agricultural technology is the Industrial Revolution, which introduced agricultural machinery to mechanize the labor of agriculture, greatly increasing farm worker productivity. In modern mechanized agriculture powered machinery has replaced many farm jobs formerly carried out by manual labor or by working animals such as oxen, horses, and mules. Advances in the 19th century included the development of modern weather forecasting and the invention of barbed wire. Improvements to portable engines and threshing machines led to their widespread adoption.
Green Revolution
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Green Revolution, the great increase in the production of food grains that resulted in large part from the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico and the Indian subcontinent. The new varieties require large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce their high yields, raising concerns about cost and potentially harmful environmental effects. Poor farmers, unable to afford the fertilizers and pesticides, have often reaped even lower yields with these grains than with the older strains, which were better adapted to local conditions and had some resistance to pests and diseases.
Green Revolution
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Green Revolution, the great increase in the production of food grains that resulted in large part from the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico and the Indian subcontinent. The new varieties require large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce their high yields, raising concerns about cost and potentially harmful environmental effects. Poor farmers, unable to afford the fertilizers and pesticides, have often reaped even lower yields with these grains than with the older strains, which were better adapted to local conditions and had some resistance to pests and diseases.
Pests And Diseases
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Together pests and diseases cause up to 40% yield losses every year. The animal groups of the most significant importance as agricultural pests are (in order of economic importance) insects, mites, nematodes, and gastropod mollusks. Insects are responsible for two major forms of damage to crops. First, there is the direct injury they cause to the plants as they feed on the tissues; a reduction in leaf surface available for photosynthesis, distortion of growing shoots, a diminution of the plant's growth and vigor, and the wilting of shoots and branches caused by the insects' tunneling activities.
Pests And Diseases
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Together pests and diseases cause up to 40% yield losses every year. The animal groups of the most significant importance as agricultural pests are (in order of economic importance) insects, mites, nematodes, and gastropod mollusks. Insects are responsible for two major forms of damage to crops. First, there is the direct injury they cause to the plants as they feed on the tissues; a reduction in leaf surface available for photosynthesis, distortion of growing shoots, a diminution of the plant's growth and vigor, and the wilting of shoots and branches caused by the insects' tunneling activities.
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