Agricultural Economics
$135.00
ISBN 13: 979-8-89143-013-6
YEAR: 2024
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Introduction To Agroecology: Principles And Practices
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Agroecology is defined by the OECD as "the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment." Dalgaard et al. refer to agroecology as the study of the interactions between plants, animals, humans, and the environment within agricultural systems. Francis et al. also use the definition in the same way but thought it should be restricted to growing food.
Introduction To Agroecology: Principles And Practices
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Agroecology is defined by the OECD as "the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment." Dalgaard et al. refer to agroecology as the study of the interactions between plants, animals, humans, and the environment within agricultural systems. Francis et al. also use the definition in the same way but thought it should be restricted to growing food.
Organic Gardening And Farming Techniques
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Organic agricultural methods are internationally regulated and legally enforced by many nations, based in large part on the standards set by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), an international umbrella organization for organic farming organizations established in 1972. Organic agriculture can be defined as "an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity while, with rare exceptions, prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones".
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Organic agricultural methods are internationally regulated and legally enforced by many nations, based in large part on the standards set by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), an international umbrella organization for organic farming organizations established in 1972. Organic agriculture can be defined as "an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity while, with rare exceptions, prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones".
Agriculture In Society
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Agrarian societies are dependent upon agriculture and have been around for more than 5,000 years. Imagine a society of farmers and you'll have a pretty good idea of what an agrarian society is all about. An agrarian society is a society whose economy and wealth are primarily based upon agriculture. Agrarian societies have been around for at least five thousand years. In fact, they still exist today. Nearly every civilization has spent some time as an agrarian society. The ancient Egyptian, Indian, Chinese, and Mayan societies were agrarian. Today, the poorest of the lesser-developed countries are pretty much agrarian societies.
Agriculture In Society
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Agrarian societies are dependent upon agriculture and have been around for more than 5,000 years. Imagine a society of farmers and you'll have a pretty good idea of what an agrarian society is all about. An agrarian society is a society whose economy and wealth are primarily based upon agriculture. Agrarian societies have been around for at least five thousand years. In fact, they still exist today. Nearly every civilization has spent some time as an agrarian society. The ancient Egyptian, Indian, Chinese, and Mayan societies were agrarian. Today, the poorest of the lesser-developed countries are pretty much agrarian societies.
Pests And Diseases
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Together pests and diseases cause up to 40% yield losses every year. The animal groups of the most significant importance as agricultural pests are (in order of economic importance) insects, mites, nematodes, and gastropod mollusks. Insects are responsible for two major forms of damage to crops. First, there is the direct injury they cause to the plants as they feed on the tissues; a reduction in leaf surface available for photosynthesis, distortion of growing shoots, a diminution of the plant's growth and vigor, and the wilting of shoots and branches caused by the insects' tunneling activities.
Pests And Diseases
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Together pests and diseases cause up to 40% yield losses every year. The animal groups of the most significant importance as agricultural pests are (in order of economic importance) insects, mites, nematodes, and gastropod mollusks. Insects are responsible for two major forms of damage to crops. First, there is the direct injury they cause to the plants as they feed on the tissues; a reduction in leaf surface available for photosynthesis, distortion of growing shoots, a diminution of the plant's growth and vigor, and the wilting of shoots and branches caused by the insects' tunneling activities.
Organic Farming and Gardening: Systems and Approaches
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Organic farming – an alternative agricultural system that relies on fertilizers of organic origin such as compost, manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. Biological pest control, mixed cropping, and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged. In general, organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances.
Organic Farming and Gardening: Systems and Approaches
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Organic farming – an alternative agricultural system that relies on fertilizers of organic origin such as compost, manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. Biological pest control, mixed cropping, and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged. In general, organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances.
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Green Revolution, the great increase in the production of food grains that resulted in large part from the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico and the Indian subcontinent. The new varieties require large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce their high yields, raising concerns about cost and potentially harmful environmental effects. Poor farmers, unable to afford the fertilizers and pesticides, have often reaped even lower yields with these grains than with the older strains, which were better adapted to local conditions and had some resistance to pests and diseases.
Green Revolution
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Green Revolution, the great increase in the production of food grains that resulted in large part from the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico and the Indian subcontinent. The new varieties require large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce their high yields, raising concerns about cost and potentially harmful environmental effects. Poor farmers, unable to afford the fertilizers and pesticides, have often reaped even lower yields with these grains than with the older strains, which were better adapted to local conditions and had some resistance to pests and diseases.
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